[Evaluation of IgG and IgM antibodies against Varicella zoster virus in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia]

Background and Objective: Varicella zoster virus [VZV] can cause a moderate disease in children, but with high risk of serious disease or death in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia [ALL] Vaccination from infection can be safe, immunogenic, and effective in children with leukemia. This study was done to evaluate the IgG and IgM antibodies against VZV in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Methods: The descriptive-analytic study was performed on 66 children who were on chemotherapy in Dr Shigh hospital in Mashhad, Iran during 2012. Patients were receivied VZV vaccine. The title negative or positive serum sample for IgG-anti-VZV avidity was determined by using a test kit before and after injection of vaccines VZV for considering the efficacy of vaccines on pediatric patients

Results: Title serum sample IgG were positive in 32.6% patients, these children have history of chicken pox disease and to be safe against of VZV. 78.3% of the patients were negative for IgG antibody and sensitive against of VZV

Conclusion: Children with ALL receiving chemotherapy are sensitive to chicken pox disease according to negative IgG titer against VZV

[Reproductive hormonal changes following two types of hypocaloric diets in overweight and obese polycystic ovary syndrome women]

The appropriate combination and composition of hypocaloric diets for obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS] is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a high protein-low glycaemic load diet on reproductive hormones in obese women with PCOS. In this single blind clinical trial, sixty overweight and obese women with PCOS, not using metformin, were randomly assigned in one of two groups, the modified with a 30% protein-low glycaemic load diet, and the conventional with 15% protein. Reproductive hormones, glucose and insulin were measured for 49 subjects at baseline and after 12 weeks. Weight loss showed no significant difference in the two groups. Changes in means for testosterone in the modified and conventional groups [0 to 12 weeks], were 1.78 +/- 1.52 to 1.31 +/- 1.27 and 1.51 +/- 0.63 to 1.15 +/- 0.57 ng/ml, respectively [p<0.001]. FSH, LH, estradiol, progesterone and prolactin did not change. Insulin and HOMA reduction was significant for modified diet [p<0.001]. Weight loss had a significant effect on reduction of androgens. The main effect of modified diet with high protein and low glycaemic load was observed on insulin and HOMA, a finding which should taken into consideration for women with PCOS

[Effect of plasma ARC and halogen lights on composite microhardness]

Together with the controversy which exists in the efficacy of new PAC light curing units, this study evaluated the irradiation effect of plasma ARC and halogen light curing units on the microhardness of three resin composites. In this experimental study, two light - curing units including Remecure CL 15 [PAC] [with the output of 1600 mW/cm[2]] and Arialux [QTH] [with the output of 710 mW/cm[2]] were used. Six specimens of three type of resin composite were prepared in a steel mold with 2mm thickness. The three composites were CeramX [Dentsply], Heliomolar [Vivadent] and Z100 [3M]. Curing time with Remecure was 5 seconds and with Arialux was as the composite manufacturer recommended. After 24 hours, vickers hardness measurements on top and bottom surfaces of each specimen were made and the bottom/top vickers hardness [B/T VHN] was determined. Microhardness of two surfaces in each group was compared by t, 2-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. For Ceramx composite two light curing units showed the same microhardness on the top and bottom surfaces. Heliomolar showed significantly lower values of microhardness on both surfaces and B/T VHN with Remecure. In Z100 specimens microhardness [on both surfaces] was lower with Remecure but B/T VHN was the same [P<0.05]. Except Heliomolar specimens which were cured by Remecure, B/T VHN was acceptable in all groups [more than 80%].The efficiency of Remecure unit in manufacturers' instruction time was equivalent or lower than conventional halogen light depending on the type of resin composite

[ effect ofpost type on stress distribution in endodontically treated maxillary central incisors: a finiie element study]

Following endodontic therapy, teeth need to be protected from fracture. The likelihood of fracture depends on the type of restoration. This simulated study was designed to compare the effect of two different restorations on stress transmission to dental tissue. Four 3-dimentional models of maxillary central incisor were created as following by finite element analysis: [I] Restored with prefabricated stainless steel post, composite core and full ceramic crown [IPS lmpress2], [2] restored with prefabricated Fiber glass post, composite core and full ceramic crown [IFS lmpress2], [3] restored with Accessory Fiber glass post, composite core and full ceramic crown [[PS Impress 2] and [4] without restoration. Each of the models received 100 loads to incisal edge at an angle of 45 degrees to tooth long axis Von Mises Stress analysis was performed for each model, comparing maximum stress intensity observed. In all groups the greatest stress was observed in the cervical region. The stress increased steadily from apex to C.E.J and decreased from C.E.J to incisal edge. The Von Misses Stress in CEJ was highest in Accessory pin group to compared the other groups. Prefabricated stainless steel post, Fiber Glass post and vital tooth groups showed slight differences in CEJ stress. In all groups the greatest stress was observed in the cervical region. It seems the use of Fiber glass posts in weakened anterior teeth acts better than accessory fiber glass post

[Hematology and osmotic fragility of red blood cells in hyperthyroid rats]

Hyperthyroidism is associated with anemia. Since thyroid hormones, by acting on Na+/K+-ATPase activity and numbers, and also on the lipid composition of the membrane can alter the fragility of red cells, in this study, use compared the osmotic fragility of red cells in hyperthyroid rats to that of controls. Forty eight male Wistar rats [body weight, 221 +/- 4g] were divided in 4 groups. Group I consumed L-thyroxine [12mg/L in drinking water] for 30 days, group II was the control for group I, group III consumed L-thyroxine for 60 days and group IV was the control group for the group III. At the end of the intervention period, hormonal and biochemical measurements were done in blood samples. To assess the osmotic fragility, red blood cells [RBC] were incubated at 37°C for 30 min in different concentrations of NaCl and the extent of hemolysis was measured by colorimetry of the supernatant. Hemolysis percent was expressed in terms of percent hemolusis in presence of distilled water [100% hemolysis]. In this study although hemoglobin, haematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume in group III were significantly [P<0.05] higher compared to group IV, osmotic fragility did not show any significant difference. The results indicate that hyperthyroidism in rat can not anemia and osmotic fragility of RBCs in hyperthyroid animals do not differ from control groups

[Effect of light polymerization on color change of composite]

Color matching has an important role in esthetic dentistry. The aim of this study was to evaluate composite color changes after polymerization. In this experimental study, sixty cylinders of six different composite [Z100, Tetric-ceram. Point 4, Charisma, Glacier, Clearfil ST] were prepared with 3mm diameter and 2mm thickness [10 each]. A frissete was placed under cylinders, composite resin was packed in each cylinder and other frissete was located on the cylinder. Digital camera was fixed at a distance of 3 cm from specimens with 45 degree angle. Photographs were taken before and after polymerization with a professional digital camera in standard daylight. Data were recorded in CIE Lab system. Color shifts were calculated as delta E. The "L" value increased in "Clearfill ST" composite resin and decreased in other composites after polymerization. The "a" value increased in "Clearfill ST" composite resin and decreased in other composites after polymerization. The "b" value increased in "Z100 and Glacier" composite resin and decreased in other composites after polymerization. All composites showed color changes [delta E<3.3]. The highest color change was measured in Z100 [delta E10.75] and the least in Tetric-ceram [delta E=3.79]

effect of flowable composite and resin cement on shear bond strength of porcelain veneer to enamel

There are insufficient data on the shear bond strength of Porcelain Veneers to enamel by using flowable composite as a luting Cement. This study was conducted in order to compare the shear bond strength of two different systems by using bovine enamel. Thirty freshly extracted anterior mandibular intact bovine teeth were randomly divided into two groups. Feldespatic Porcelain discs were attached to the enamel by Panavia F2 resin Cement and Filtek Flow flowable composite according to the manufacture's instruction. The bonded specimens were immersed in 37°C water for 30 days and then thermocycled at 5°C and 55°C for 500 cycles. Samples were subjected to shear bond strength test. The modes of failure were determined under stereo microscope. Group differences were statistically analyzed by using the student-t test. The mean bonding strength in Panavia F2 group was 24.26 [ +/- 8.2] mega paschal [Mpa], and 17.25 [ +/- 8.1] Mpa, in Filtek Flow group. The statistical analysis showed significant difference between the two groups [P<0.005]. Mode of failure in the first group was mainly cohesive and adhesive in the second one. This study revealed that the shear bond strength of dual cure Panavia F2 resin cement is considerably higher than that of light cure Filtek Flow flowable composite

Effect of the carbon tetrachloride extract of trigonella foenum graecum seeds on the glycogen content of liver in diabetic rats

Diabetes is a common endocrine disorder. Although the most common conventional treatment for diabetes is insulin, the diet therapy approach has many advantages in developing countries. Among many herbs, reported to possess antidiabetic activity, Trigonella foenum graecum [fenugreek] is one of the best in terms of efficiency and safety. The effect of carbon tetrachloride extract of fenugreek on liver glycogen has not been investigated until now. This study was designed to investigate the effect of carbon tetrachloride fenugreek in extract comparison with insulin on liver glycogen. For this purpose we used 3 groups of rats, each containing 10 animals. Stereptozotocin was administered to induce diabetes. One group served as control group, receiving no treatment; in the 2[nd] group, NPH insulin was administered on 3 consecutive days. For the third group, carbon tetrachloride extract of fenugreek was administered orally for 3 days. Blood glucose was measured before and after intervention. Daily water intake and liver glycogen were assayed at the end of treatment. The results showed that fenugreek extract, like insulin, caused a significant decrease in blood glucose and daily water intake [P<0.05]. A significant increase in liver glycogen, compared with the untreated group, was seen in the insulin and extract treated groups [P<0.05]. In conclusion, the results of this study confirm the benefits of the traditional use of fenugreek for diabetes treatment